refactor: reorganize crates to match Composer subpackage structure

Rename mozart-constraint to mozart-semver (mirrors composer/semver) and
extract mozart-class-map-generator from mozart-autoload (mirrors
composer/class-map-generator). No logic changes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

1 files changed, 1987 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/crates/mozart-semver/src/lib.rs b/crates/mozart-semver/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c417ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/mozart-semver/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1987 @@
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+/// A parsed Composer version (always 4 numeric segments + optional stability suffix).
+/// Composer normalizes all versions to `major.minor.patch.build[-stability[N]]`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Version {
+    pub major: u64,
+    pub minor: u64,
+    pub patch: u64,
+    pub build: u64,
+    /// None = stable, Some("alpha1"), Some("beta2"), Some("RC1"), Some("dev")
+    pub pre_release: Option<String>,
+    /// true for "dev-master", "dev-feature/foo", etc.
+    pub is_dev_branch: bool,
+    /// The original branch name for dev branches (e.g. "master", "feature/foo")
+    pub dev_branch_name: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Stability rank for ordering (lower = more stable).
+fn stability_rank(pre: &str) -> u8 {
+    let lower = pre.to_lowercase();
+    if lower.starts_with("dev") {
+        50
+    } else if lower.starts_with("alpha") || lower.starts_with("a") {
+        40
+    } else if lower.starts_with("beta") || lower.starts_with("b") {
+        30
+    } else if lower.starts_with("rc") {
+        20
+    } else if lower.starts_with("patch") || lower.starts_with("pl") || lower == "p" {
+        5
+    } else {
+        0
+    }
+}
+
+/// Extract numeric suffix from a pre-release string like "alpha1" → 1, "beta" → 0
+fn pre_release_number(pre: &str) -> u64 {
+    let digits: String = pre.chars().skip_while(|c| c.is_alphabetic()).collect();
+    digits.parse().unwrap_or(0)
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for Version {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for Version {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        // Dev branches are always lowest
+        match (self.is_dev_branch, other.is_dev_branch) {
+            (true, true) => {
+                // Compare branch names
+                return self.dev_branch_name.cmp(&other.dev_branch_name);
+            }
+            (true, false) => return Ordering::Less,
+            (false, true) => return Ordering::Greater,
+            (false, false) => {}
+        }
+
+        // Compare numeric segments
+        let num_cmp = (self.major, self.minor, self.patch, self.build).cmp(&(
+            other.major,
+            other.minor,
+            other.patch,
+            other.build,
+        ));
+        if num_cmp != Ordering::Equal {
+            return num_cmp;
+        }
+
+        // Compare pre-release: None (stable) > any pre-release
+        match (&self.pre_release, &other.pre_release) {
+            (None, None) => Ordering::Equal,
+            (None, Some(_)) => Ordering::Greater,
+            (Some(_), None) => Ordering::Less,
+            (Some(a), Some(b)) => {
+                let rank_a = stability_rank(a);
+                let rank_b = stability_rank(b);
+                match rank_a.cmp(&rank_b) {
+                    Ordering::Equal => {
+                        // Same stability: compare numeric suffix
+                        pre_release_number(a).cmp(&pre_release_number(b))
+                    }
+                    // Lower rank = more stable = greater version
+                    Ordering::Less => Ordering::Greater,
+                    Ordering::Greater => Ordering::Less,
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Version {
+    /// Parse a version string into a `Version` struct using Composer normalization rules.
+    ///
+    /// For inline aliases (`"1.0.x-dev as 1.0.0"`), the LEFT side (the real branch version)
+    /// is used. This is the correct behaviour for identifying *what* version a package provides.
+    pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Version, String> {
+        let s = input.trim();
+
+        // Strip inline alias: "1.0.x-dev as 1.0.0" → "1.0.x-dev"
+        let s = if let Some(pos) = s.find(" as ") {
+            &s[..pos]
+        } else {
+            s
+        };
+
+        // Strip stability flag: "@dev", "@alpha", "@beta", "@RC", "@stable"
+        let s = if let Some(pos) = s.rfind('@') {
+            let after = &s[pos + 1..];
+            let known = ["dev", "alpha", "beta", "rc", "stable"];
+            if known.iter().any(|k| after.eq_ignore_ascii_case(k)) {
+                &s[..pos]
+            } else {
+                s
+            }
+        } else {
+            s
+        };
+
+        // Handle dev-* prefix branches
+        if s.to_lowercase().starts_with("dev-") {
+            let branch = &s[4..];
+            return Ok(Version {
+                major: 0,
+                minor: 0,
+                patch: 0,
+                build: 0,
+                pre_release: Some("dev".to_string()),
+                is_dev_branch: true,
+                dev_branch_name: Some(branch.to_string()),
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Handle *-dev suffix (e.g., "2.1.x-dev" or "2.x-dev")
+        let s_lower = s.to_lowercase();
+        if s_lower.ends_with("-dev") || s_lower.ends_with(".x-dev") {
+            let base = if s_lower.ends_with("-dev") {
+                &s[..s.len() - 4]
+            } else {
+                s
+            };
+            // Replace any trailing .x with nothing, parse numeric parts
+            let base = base.trim_end_matches(".x").trim_end_matches("-dev");
+            let parts: Vec<&str> = base.split('.').collect();
+            let major = parts.first().and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+            let minor = parts.get(1).and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+            return Ok(Version {
+                major,
+                minor,
+                patch: 9999999,
+                build: 9999999,
+                pre_release: Some("dev".to_string()),
+                is_dev_branch: true,
+                dev_branch_name: None,
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Strip leading v/V
+        let s = s
+            .strip_prefix('v')
+            .or_else(|| s.strip_prefix('V'))
+            .unwrap_or(s);
+
+        // Strip build metadata after +
+        let s = s.split('+').next().unwrap_or(s);
+
+        // Parse the version using regex-like approach
+        parse_classical_version(s)
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a version string for use inside a *constraint expression*.
+    ///
+    /// The difference from [`Version::parse`] is the treatment of inline aliases:
+    /// `"1.0.x-dev as 1.0.0"` → takes the **right** side (`1.0.0`).
+    ///
+    /// Inline aliases appear in `require` fields like:
+    /// ```text
+    /// "some/package": "1.0.x-dev as 1.0.0"
+    /// ```
+    /// Here the author wants the constraint to be satisfied by the real version `1.0.0`,
+    /// while the left side (`1.0.x-dev`) indicates the branch that provides it.
+    pub fn parse_for_constraint(input: &str) -> Result<Version, String> {
+        let s = input.trim();
+        // For inline aliases, take the RIGHT side (alias target)
+        let s = if let Some(pos) = s.find(" as ") {
+            s[pos + 4..].trim()
+        } else {
+            s
+        };
+        Version::parse(s)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a "dev boundary" version for constraint matching (major.minor.patch.build with dev pre-release).
+    pub fn dev_boundary(major: u64, minor: u64, patch: u64, build: u64) -> Version {
+        Version {
+            major,
+            minor,
+            patch,
+            build,
+            pre_release: Some("dev".to_string()),
+            is_dev_branch: false,
+            dev_branch_name: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_classical_version(s: &str) -> Result<Version, String> {
+    // Split on '-' to separate version from pre-release
+    let (version_part, pre_part) = if let Some(pos) = s.find('-') {
+        (&s[..pos], Some(&s[pos + 1..]))
+    } else {
+        (s, None)
+    };
+
+    let segments: Vec<&str> = version_part.split('.').collect();
+    if segments.is_empty() || segments[0].is_empty() {
+        return Err(format!("Invalid version: {s}"));
+    }
+
+    let major: u64 = segments[0]
+        .parse()
+        .map_err(|_| format!("Invalid major version segment: {}", segments[0]))?;
+    let minor: u64 = segments.get(1).and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+    let patch: u64 = segments
+        .get(2)
+        .and_then(|p| {
+            // strip trailing .x
+            let p = p.trim_end_matches('x').trim_end_matches('.');
+            if p.is_empty() {
+                Some(0)
+            } else {
+                p.parse().ok()
+            }
+        })
+        .unwrap_or(0);
+    let build: u64 = segments.get(3).and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+
+    let pre_release = pre_part.map(normalize_pre_release);
+
+    Ok(Version {
+        major,
+        minor,
+        patch,
+        build,
+        pre_release,
+        is_dev_branch: false,
+        dev_branch_name: None,
+    })
+}
+
+fn normalize_pre_release(s: &str) -> String {
+    // Normalize aliases: b→beta, a→alpha, rc→RC, p/pl/patch→patch
+    let lower = s.to_lowercase();
+    // Strip leading non-alpha characters (dots, underscores, dashes used as separators)
+    let normalized = lower
+        .trim_start_matches(|c: char| !c.is_alphabetic())
+        .to_string();
+
+    // Extract the alphabetic prefix (stability name)
+    let alpha: String = normalized
+        .chars()
+        .take_while(|c| c.is_alphabetic())
+        .collect();
+    // Extract only digits from the rest (strip separators like dots)
+    let num: String = normalized
+        .chars()
+        .skip_while(|c| c.is_alphabetic())
+        .filter(|c| c.is_ascii_digit())
+        .collect();
+
+    if alpha.starts_with("beta") || alpha == "b" {
+        format!("beta{num}")
+    } else if alpha.starts_with("alpha") || alpha == "a" {
+        format!("alpha{num}")
+    } else if alpha == "rc" {
+        format!("RC{num}")
+    } else if alpha == "patch" || alpha == "pl" || alpha == "p" {
+        format!("patch{num}")
+    } else if alpha == "dev" {
+        "dev".to_string()
+    } else {
+        s.to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Constraint types
+// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// A single atomic constraint.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Constraint {
+    /// Exact version match
+    Exact(Version),
+    /// Greater than: `> 1.2.3`
+    GreaterThan(Version),
+    /// Greater than or equal: `>= 1.2.3`
+    GreaterThanOrEqual(Version),
+    /// Less than: `< 1.2.3`
+    LessThan(Version),
+    /// Less than or equal: `<= 1.2.3`
+    LessThanOrEqual(Version),
+    /// Not equal: `!= 1.2.3`
+    NotEqual(Version),
+    /// Matches any version
+    Any,
+}
+
+impl Constraint {
+    pub fn matches(&self, v: &Version) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Constraint::Exact(target) => v == target,
+            Constraint::GreaterThan(target) => v > target,
+            Constraint::GreaterThanOrEqual(target) => v >= target,
+            Constraint::LessThan(target) => v < target,
+            Constraint::LessThanOrEqual(target) => v <= target,
+            Constraint::NotEqual(target) => v != target,
+            Constraint::Any => true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A compound constraint with AND/OR combinators.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum VersionConstraint {
+    /// Single atomic constraint
+    Single(Constraint),
+    /// All must match (AND — space/comma separated)
+    And(Vec<VersionConstraint>),
+    /// At least one must match (OR — `||` separated)
+    Or(Vec<VersionConstraint>),
+}
+
+impl VersionConstraint {
+    pub fn matches(&self, version: &Version) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            VersionConstraint::Single(c) => c.matches(version),
+            VersionConstraint::And(cs) => cs.iter().all(|c| c.matches(version)),
+            VersionConstraint::Or(cs) => cs.iter().any(|c| c.matches(version)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a constraint string like `^1.2`, `>=1.0 <2.0`, `^1.0 || ^2.0`.
+    pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<VersionConstraint, String> {
+        let input = input.trim();
+
+        // Split on || (OR)
+        let or_parts: Vec<&str> = split_or(input);
+
+        if or_parts.len() > 1 {
+            let constraints: Result<Vec<_>, _> =
+                or_parts.iter().map(|p| parse_and_group(p.trim())).collect();
+            let mut cs = constraints?;
+            // Flatten single-element groups
+            if cs.len() == 1 {
+                return Ok(cs.remove(0));
+            }
+            return Ok(VersionConstraint::Or(cs));
+        }
+
+        parse_and_group(input)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Split on `|` or `||` (pipe-OR). Composer accepts both forms.
+fn split_or(s: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
+    let mut parts = Vec::new();
+    let mut start = 0;
+    let bytes = s.as_bytes();
+    let mut i = 0;
+    while i < bytes.len() {
+        if bytes[i] == b'|' {
+            parts.push(s[start..i].trim());
+            i += 1;
+            // Skip second pipe if `||`
+            if i < bytes.len() && bytes[i] == b'|' {
+                i += 1;
+            }
+            start = i;
+        } else {
+            i += 1;
+        }
+    }
+    parts.push(s[start..].trim());
+    // Filter out empty parts (e.g. from leading/trailing pipes)
+    parts.into_iter().filter(|p| !p.is_empty()).collect()
+}
+
+/// Parse an AND group (space or comma separated constraints).
+fn parse_and_group(s: &str) -> Result<VersionConstraint, String> {
+    // Detect inline alias first: "1.0.x-dev as 1.0.0"
+    // The entire expression is a single atomic constraint; parse it directly.
+    if s.contains(" as ") {
+        return parse_single(s);
+    }
+
+    // Detect hyphen range first: "1.0 - 2.0" where both sides start with a digit
+    if let Some(idx) = s.find(" - ") {
+        let before = s[..idx].trim();
+        let after = s[idx + 3..].trim();
+        let before_is_version = before
+            .chars()
+            .next()
+            .is_some_and(|c| c.is_ascii_digit() || c == 'v' || c == 'V');
+        let after_is_version = after
+            .chars()
+            .next()
+            .is_some_and(|c| c.is_ascii_digit() || c == 'v' || c == 'V');
+        if before_is_version && after_is_version {
+            return parse_hyphen_range(s);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let parts = split_and(s);
+
+    if parts.is_empty() {
+        return Err("Empty constraint".to_string());
+    }
+
+    let constraints: Result<Vec<_>, _> = parts.iter().map(|p| parse_single(p.trim())).collect();
+    let mut cs = constraints?;
+
+    if cs.len() == 1 {
+        return Ok(cs.remove(0));
+    }
+
+    // Flatten nested And
+    let flat: Vec<VersionConstraint> = cs
+        .into_iter()
+        .flat_map(|c| match c {
+            VersionConstraint::And(inner) => inner,
+            other => vec![other],
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    Ok(VersionConstraint::And(flat))
+}
+
+/// Split on spaces or commas (AND separator), respecting that version strings
+/// can contain `-` (pre-release).
+fn split_and(s: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    // A constraint "part" is separated by space or comma when not part of
+    // operator prefixes like `>=`, `<=`, `!=`, or version like `1.2.3-beta`.
+    // Strategy: tokenize by whitespace/comma, then re-join multi-token ranges.
+    let tokens: Vec<&str> = s.split([' ', ',']).filter(|t| !t.is_empty()).collect();
+
+    let mut parts: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    let mut current = String::new();
+
+    for token in tokens {
+        if current.is_empty() {
+            current = token.to_string();
+        } else {
+            // If the token starts with an operator or a digit/^ ~/>, it's a new constraint
+            let starts_new = token.starts_with(|c: char| {
+                matches!(c, '>' | '<' | '!' | '=' | '^' | '~' | '*') || c.is_ascii_digit()
+            });
+            if starts_new {
+                parts.push(current.trim().to_string());
+                current = token.to_string();
+            } else {
+                // Continuation (e.g. part of a version string with spaces)
+                current.push(' ');
+                current.push_str(token);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if !current.is_empty() {
+        parts.push(current.trim().to_string());
+    }
+
+    parts
+}
+
+/// Parse a single constraint part.
+fn parse_single(s: &str) -> Result<VersionConstraint, String> {
+    if s == "*" || s.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::Any));
+    }
+
+    // Caret: ^1.2.3
+    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix('^') {
+        return parse_caret(rest);
+    }
+
+    // Tilde: ~1.2.3
+    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix('~') {
+        return parse_tilde(rest);
+    }
+
+    // Hyphen range: "1.0 - 2.0" — handled at and-group level, but check here too
+    if s.contains(" - ") {
+        return parse_hyphen_range(s);
+    }
+
+    // Comparison operators
+    // Use parse_for_constraint so that inline aliases like "1.0.x-dev as 1.0.0"
+    // resolve to the alias target (right-hand side) when used in constraint context.
+    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix(">=") {
+        let v = Version::parse_for_constraint(rest.trim())?;
+        return Ok(VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::GreaterThanOrEqual(v)));
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("<=") {
+        let v = Version::parse_for_constraint(rest.trim())?;
+        return Ok(VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::LessThanOrEqual(v)));
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("!=") {
+        let v = Version::parse_for_constraint(rest.trim())?;
+        return Ok(VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::NotEqual(v)));
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix('>') {
+        let v = Version::parse_for_constraint(rest.trim())?;
+        return Ok(VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::GreaterThan(v)));
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix('<') {
+        let v = Version::parse_for_constraint(rest.trim())?;
+        return Ok(VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::LessThan(v)));
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix('=') {
+        let v = Version::parse_for_constraint(rest.trim())?;
+        return Ok(VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::Exact(v)));
+    }
+
+    // Wildcard: 1.2.* or 1.*
+    if s.ends_with(".*") || s.ends_with(".*.*") || s == "*" {
+        return parse_wildcard(s);
+    }
+
+    // Exact version (may carry an inline alias; take the alias target for matching)
+    let v = Version::parse_for_constraint(s)?;
+    Ok(VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::Exact(v)))
+}
+
+/// Parse `^major.minor.patch` caret constraint.
+/// First non-zero segment is the "locked" boundary.
+fn parse_caret(s: &str) -> Result<VersionConstraint, String> {
+    let parts: Vec<&str> = s.split('.').collect();
+    let major: u64 = parts.first().and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+    let minor: u64 = parts.get(1).and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+    let patch: u64 = parts.get(2).and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+    let build: u64 = parts.get(3).and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+
+    let lower = Version::dev_boundary(major, minor, patch, build);
+
+    // Determine upper bound based on first non-zero segment
+    let upper = if major > 0 {
+        Version::dev_boundary(major + 1, 0, 0, 0)
+    } else if minor > 0 {
+        Version::dev_boundary(0, minor + 1, 0, 0)
+    } else if patch > 0 {
+        Version::dev_boundary(0, 0, patch + 1, 0)
+    } else {
+        Version::dev_boundary(0, 0, 1, 0)
+    };
+
+    Ok(VersionConstraint::And(vec![
+        VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::GreaterThanOrEqual(lower)),
+        VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::LessThan(upper)),
+    ]))
+}
+
+/// Parse `~major.minor.patch` tilde constraint.
+fn parse_tilde(s: &str) -> Result<VersionConstraint, String> {
+    let parts: Vec<&str> = s.split('.').collect();
+    let major: u64 = parts.first().and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+    let minor: u64 = parts.get(1).and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+    let patch: u64 = parts.get(2).and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+    let build: u64 = parts.get(3).and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+
+    let lower = Version::dev_boundary(major, minor, patch, build);
+
+    // ~major.minor.patch → >=major.minor.patch <major.(minor+1).0
+    // ~major.minor → >=major.minor.0 <(major+1).0.0
+    // ~major → >=major.0.0 <(major+1).0.0
+    let upper = if parts.len() >= 3 {
+        Version::dev_boundary(major, minor + 1, 0, 0)
+    } else {
+        Version::dev_boundary(major + 1, 0, 0, 0)
+    };
+
+    Ok(VersionConstraint::And(vec![
+        VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::GreaterThanOrEqual(lower)),
+        VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::LessThan(upper)),
+    ]))
+}
+
+/// Parse `1.2.*` wildcard constraint.
+fn parse_wildcard(s: &str) -> Result<VersionConstraint, String> {
+    if s == "*" {
+        return Ok(VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::Any));
+    }
+
+    // Strip trailing .*
+    let base = s.trim_end_matches(".*");
+    if base.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::Any));
+    }
+
+    let parts: Vec<&str> = base.split('.').collect();
+    let major: u64 = parts.first().and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+    let minor: u64 = parts.get(1).and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
+
+    let (lower, upper) = if parts.len() == 1 {
+        (
+            Version::dev_boundary(major, 0, 0, 0),
+            Version::dev_boundary(major + 1, 0, 0, 0),
+        )
+    } else {
+        (
+            Version::dev_boundary(major, minor, 0, 0),
+            Version::dev_boundary(major, minor + 1, 0, 0),
+        )
+    };
+
+    Ok(VersionConstraint::And(vec![
+        VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::GreaterThanOrEqual(lower)),
+        VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::LessThan(upper)),
+    ]))
+}
+
+/// Parse `1.0 - 2.0` hyphen range.
+fn parse_hyphen_range(s: &str) -> Result<VersionConstraint, String> {
+    let parts: Vec<&str> = s.splitn(2, " - ").collect();
+    if parts.len() != 2 {
+        return Err(format!("Invalid hyphen range: {s}"));
+    }
+
+    let lower_v = Version::parse_for_constraint(parts[0].trim())?;
+    let upper_v = Version::parse_for_constraint(parts[1].trim())?;
+
+    Ok(VersionConstraint::And(vec![
+        VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::GreaterThanOrEqual(lower_v)),
+        VersionConstraint::Single(Constraint::LessThanOrEqual(upper_v)),
+    ]))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    // ──────────── Version parsing ────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_simple() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.2.3").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 1);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 2);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 3);
+        assert_eq!(v.build, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+        assert!(!v.is_dev_branch);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_with_v_prefix() {
+        let v = Version::parse("v1.2").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 1);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 2);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.build, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_four_segments() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.2.3.4").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((v.major, v.minor, v.patch, v.build), (1, 2, 3, 4));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_beta() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta.1").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 1);
+        // "beta.1" normalizes to "beta1" (dot is stripped)
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("beta1".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_beta1() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta1").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("beta1".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_rc() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC1").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("RC1".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_alpha() {
+        let v = Version::parse("2.0.0-alpha3").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("alpha3".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_dev_master() {
+        let v = Version::parse("dev-master").unwrap();
+        assert!(v.is_dev_branch);
+        assert_eq!(v.dev_branch_name, Some("master".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("dev".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_dev_feature() {
+        let v = Version::parse("dev-feature/foo").unwrap();
+        assert!(v.is_dev_branch);
+        assert_eq!(v.dev_branch_name, Some("feature/foo".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_x_dev() {
+        let v = Version::parse("2.1.x-dev").unwrap();
+        assert!(v.is_dev_branch);
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 2);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 1);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 9999999);
+        assert_eq!(v.build, 9999999);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_strip_at_stability() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.2.3@stable").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 1);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 2);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 3);
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_inline_alias() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.x-dev as 1.0.0").unwrap();
+        // Takes left side: 1.0.x-dev
+        assert!(v.is_dev_branch);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_for_constraint_inline_alias() {
+        // parse_for_constraint takes the RIGHT side of an inline alias
+        let v = Version::parse_for_constraint("1.0.x-dev as 1.0.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(!v.is_dev_branch);
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 1);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_for_constraint_no_alias() {
+        // Without an alias, parse_for_constraint behaves like parse
+        let v = Version::parse_for_constraint("1.2.3").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 1);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 2);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 3);
+        assert!(!v.is_dev_branch);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_constraint_inline_alias_exact_matches_target() {
+        // A constraint written as "1.0.x-dev as 1.0.0" should match 1.0.0 (the alias target)
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("1.0.x-dev as 1.0.0").unwrap();
+        let target = Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&target));
+        // But NOT a different version
+        let other = Version::parse("1.1.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(!c.matches(&other));
+    }
+
+    // ──────────── Version ordering ────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_major() {
+        let a = Version::parse("2.0.0").unwrap();
+        let b = Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(a > b);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_minor() {
+        let a = Version::parse("1.2.0").unwrap();
+        let b = Version::parse("1.1.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(a > b);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_stable_gt_rc() {
+        let stable = Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap();
+        let rc = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC1").unwrap();
+        assert!(stable > rc);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_rc_gt_beta() {
+        let rc = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC1").unwrap();
+        let beta = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta1").unwrap();
+        assert!(rc > beta);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_beta_gt_alpha() {
+        let beta = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta1").unwrap();
+        let alpha = Version::parse("1.0.0-alpha1").unwrap();
+        assert!(beta > alpha);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_alpha_gt_dev_branch() {
+        let alpha = Version::parse("1.0.0-alpha1").unwrap();
+        let dev = Version::parse("dev-master").unwrap();
+        assert!(alpha > dev);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_pre_release_numbers() {
+        let beta2 = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta2").unwrap();
+        let beta1 = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta1").unwrap();
+        assert!(beta2 > beta1);
+    }
+
+    // ──────────── Constraint parsing ────────────
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_any() {
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("*").unwrap();
+        let v = Version::parse("1.2.3").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&v));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_exact() {
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("1.2.3").unwrap();
+        let v = Version::parse("1.2.3").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&v));
+        let v2 = Version::parse("1.2.4").unwrap();
+        assert!(!c.matches(&v2));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_gte() {
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse(">=1.0.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("2.0.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("0.9.0").unwrap()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_caret_major() {
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("^1.2").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.2.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.3.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.9.9").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("2.0.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("1.1.0").unwrap()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_caret_zero_minor() {
+        // ^0.2.3 → >=0.2.3 <0.3.0
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("^0.2.3").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("0.2.3").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("0.2.9").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("0.3.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_tilde_three_parts() {
+        // ~1.2.3 → >=1.2.3 <1.3.0
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("~1.2.3").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.2.3").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.2.9").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("1.3.0").unwrap()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_tilde_two_parts() {
+        // ~1.2 → >=1.2.0 <2.0.0
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("~1.2").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.2.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.9.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("2.0.0").unwrap()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_wildcard() {
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("1.2.*").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.2.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.2.9").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("1.3.0").unwrap()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_and() {
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse(">=1.0 <2.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.9.9").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("2.0.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("0.9.9").unwrap()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_or() {
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("^1.0 || ^2.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.5.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("2.3.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("3.0.0").unwrap()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_not_equal() {
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("!=1.5.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.4.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("1.5.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.6.0").unwrap()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_hyphen_range() {
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("1.0 - 2.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("1.5.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(c.matches(&Version::parse("2.0.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("0.9.0").unwrap()));
+        assert!(!c.matches(&Version::parse("2.1.0").unwrap()));
+    }
+
+    // ──────────── Helper ────────────
+
+    fn satisfies(constraint: &str, version: &str) -> bool {
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse(constraint).unwrap();
+        let v = Version::parse(version).unwrap();
+        c.matches(&v)
+    }
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // 1. VERSION PARSING EDGE CASES
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_single_segment() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 1);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.build, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+        assert!(!v.is_dev_branch);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_two_segments() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.2").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 1);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 2);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.build, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_zero_version() {
+        let v = Version::parse("0.0.0").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.build, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+        assert!(!v.is_dev_branch);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_zero_zero_one() {
+        let v = Version::parse("0.0.1").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((v.major, v.minor, v.patch, v.build), (0, 0, 1, 0));
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_large_version_numbers() {
+        let v = Version::parse("99999.1.2.3").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 99999);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 1);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 2);
+        assert_eq!(v.build, 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_uppercase_v_prefix() {
+        let v = Version::parse("V1.2.3").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 1);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 2);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 3);
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+        assert!(!v.is_dev_branch);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_build_metadata_stripped() {
+        // Build metadata after '+' should be stripped
+        let v = Version::parse("1.2.3+build.456").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((v.major, v.minor, v.patch), (1, 2, 3));
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_shorthand_b_normalizes_to_beta() {
+        // "b2" suffix → beta2
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-b2").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("beta2".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_shorthand_a_normalizes_to_alpha() {
+        // "a1" suffix → alpha1
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-a1").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("alpha1".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_shorthand_p_normalizes_to_patch() {
+        // "p1" suffix → patch1
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-p1").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("patch1".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_shorthand_pl_normalizes_to_patch() {
+        // "pl2" suffix → patch2
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-pl2").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("patch2".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_shorthand_rc_lowercase_normalizes_to_rc() {
+        // "rc2" suffix → RC2
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-rc2").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("RC2".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_stability_beta_no_number() {
+        // "1.0.0-beta" with no number
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("beta".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_dev_release_branch() {
+        // "dev-release-1.0" is a dev branch named "release-1.0"
+        let v = Version::parse("dev-release-1.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(v.is_dev_branch);
+        assert_eq!(v.dev_branch_name, Some("release-1.0".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("dev".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_dev_master_uppercase() {
+        // "DEV-master" — case-insensitive dev- prefix
+        let v = Version::parse("DEV-master").unwrap();
+        assert!(v.is_dev_branch);
+        assert_eq!(v.dev_branch_name, Some("master".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_x_dev_two_segment() {
+        // "2.x-dev" → major=2, minor=0, patch=9999999, build=9999999
+        let v = Version::parse("2.x-dev").unwrap();
+        assert!(v.is_dev_branch);
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 2);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 0);
+        assert_eq!(v.patch, 9999999);
+        assert_eq!(v.build, 9999999);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_numeric_dev_suffix() {
+        // "2.1-dev" — ends with -dev, treated as *-dev suffix branch
+        let v = Version::parse("2.1-dev").unwrap();
+        assert!(v.is_dev_branch);
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 2);
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_stability_flag_dev() {
+        // "1.0.0@dev" → strip @dev suffix, parse 1.0.0 as stable
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0@dev").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((v.major, v.minor, v.patch), (1, 0, 0));
+        assert!(!v.is_dev_branch);
+        // After stripping @dev, no pre-release suffix remains
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_stability_flag_alpha() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0@alpha").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((v.major, v.minor, v.patch), (1, 0, 0));
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_stability_flag_beta() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0@beta").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((v.major, v.minor, v.patch), (1, 0, 0));
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_stability_flag_rc() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0@rc").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((v.major, v.minor, v.patch), (1, 0, 0));
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_inline_alias_left_side() {
+        // "dev-main as 1.0.x-dev" → left side is "dev-main"
+        let v = Version::parse("dev-main as 1.0.x-dev").unwrap();
+        assert!(v.is_dev_branch);
+        assert_eq!(v.dev_branch_name, Some("main".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_error_empty_string() {
+        let result = Version::parse("");
+        assert!(result.is_err(), "Expected error for empty string");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_error_not_a_version() {
+        // Strings with no numeric start should fail
+        let result = Version::parse("not-a-version");
+        assert!(
+            result.is_err(),
+            "Expected error for 'not-a-version', got: {:?}",
+            result
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_error_only_dots() {
+        let result = Version::parse("....");
+        assert!(result.is_err(), "Expected error for '....'");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_error_non_numeric_segment() {
+        // "1.abc.3" — minor segment is non-numeric; parse degrades minor to 0
+        // The implementation uses `and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0)`,
+        // so non-numeric segments silently become 0. This is intentional behavior.
+        let v = Version::parse("1.abc.3").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.major, 1);
+        // minor "abc" fails to parse as u64, so falls back to 0
+        assert_eq!(v.minor, 0);
+    }
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // 2. VERSION ORDERING
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_equal_versions() {
+        let a = Version::parse("1.2.3").unwrap();
+        let b = Version::parse("1.2.3").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(a.cmp(&b), std::cmp::Ordering::Equal);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_patch_difference() {
+        let a = Version::parse("1.2.4").unwrap();
+        let b = Version::parse("1.2.3").unwrap();
+        assert!(a > b);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_build_segment_difference() {
+        let a = Version::parse("1.2.3.2").unwrap();
+        let b = Version::parse("1.2.3.1").unwrap();
+        assert!(a > b);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_dev_branch_lt_dev_prerelease() {
+        // "1.0.0-dev" ends with "-dev", so the parser treats it as a *-dev suffix branch
+        // (is_dev_branch=true, dev_branch_name=None, major=1, minor=0, patch=9999999).
+        // "dev-master" is also is_dev_branch=true with dev_branch_name=Some("master").
+        // When both are dev branches, they compare by dev_branch_name:
+        // Some("master") vs None → Some > None, so dev-master > 1.0.0-dev (x-dev form).
+        let dev_branch = Version::parse("dev-master").unwrap();
+        let dev_prerelease = Version::parse("1.0.0-dev").unwrap();
+        // Both are dev branches; "master" branch name > None → dev-master is Greater
+        assert!(dev_branch > dev_prerelease);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_dev_prerelease_lt_alpha() {
+        let dev = Version::parse("1.0.0-dev").unwrap();
+        let alpha = Version::parse("1.0.0-alpha1").unwrap();
+        assert!(dev < alpha);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_alpha_lt_beta() {
+        let alpha = Version::parse("1.0.0-alpha1").unwrap();
+        let beta = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta1").unwrap();
+        assert!(alpha < beta);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_beta_lt_rc() {
+        let beta = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta1").unwrap();
+        let rc = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC1").unwrap();
+        assert!(beta < rc);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_rc_lt_stable() {
+        let rc = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC1").unwrap();
+        let stable = Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(rc < stable);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_stable_lt_patch() {
+        // The Ord impl: (None, Some(_)) => Greater — stable (pre_release=None) beats any
+        // pre_release including "patch1". Even though stability_rank("patch")=5 which is
+        // higher than stable's implicit 0, that path is only reached when both sides are
+        // Some(_). Since stable has pre_release=None, stable > patch version.
+        let stable = Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap();
+        let patch = Version::parse("1.0.0-patch1").unwrap();
+        assert!(stable > patch);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_rc3_gt_rc2() {
+        let rc3 = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC3").unwrap();
+        let rc2 = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC2").unwrap();
+        assert!(rc3 > rc2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_alpha5_gt_alpha3() {
+        let a5 = Version::parse("1.0.0-alpha5").unwrap();
+        let a3 = Version::parse("1.0.0-alpha3").unwrap();
+        assert!(a5 > a3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_dev_branches_alphabetical() {
+        // Between two dev branches, compare branch names alphabetically
+        let dev_foo = Version::parse("dev-foo").unwrap();
+        let dev_bar = Version::parse("dev-bar").unwrap();
+        // "bar" < "foo" alphabetically
+        assert!(dev_foo > dev_bar);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_zero_versions() {
+        let a = Version::parse("0.0.2").unwrap();
+        let b = Version::parse("0.0.1").unwrap();
+        assert!(a > b);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_four_vs_three_segment_equal() {
+        // 1.2.3.0 and 1.2.3 should be equal (build defaults to 0)
+        let a = Version::parse("1.2.3.0").unwrap();
+        let b = Version::parse("1.2.3").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(a, b);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ordering_comprehensive_chain() {
+        // Note: "1.0.0-dev" is parsed as a *-dev suffix branch (is_dev_branch=true,
+        // dev_branch_name=None) due to the "-dev" suffix rule in Version::parse.
+        // "dev-foo" is also a dev branch (is_dev_branch=true, dev_branch_name=Some("foo")).
+        // Comparing two dev branches uses dev_branch_name: None < Some("foo"), so
+        // the *-dev form (None) < "dev-foo" (Some("foo")).
+        // For "1.0.0-alpha1", "1.0.0-beta1", "1.0.0-RC1", "1.0.0": normal numeric ordering.
+        let dev_x_dev = Version::parse("1.0.0-dev").unwrap(); // *-dev branch, name=None
+        let dev_branch = Version::parse("dev-foo").unwrap(); // named branch, name=Some("foo")
+        let alpha = Version::parse("1.0.0-alpha1").unwrap();
+        let beta = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta1").unwrap();
+        let rc = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC1").unwrap();
+        let stable = Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap();
+
+        // Both dev branches; dev_branch_name None < Some("foo")
+        assert!(dev_x_dev < dev_branch);
+        // dev_branch (is_dev_branch=true) < alpha (is_dev_branch=false)
+        assert!(dev_branch < alpha);
+        assert!(alpha < beta);
+        assert!(beta < rc);
+        assert!(rc < stable);
+    }
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // 3. CONSTRAINT PARSING EDGE CASES
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    // ── Caret ──
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_caret_zero_zero_three() {
+        // ^0.0.3 → >=0.0.3 <0.0.4
+        assert!(satisfies("^0.0.3", "0.0.3"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^0.0.3", "0.0.4"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^0.0.3", "0.0.2"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_caret_zero_zero_zero() {
+        // ^0.0.0 → first non-zero is none, upper = 0.0.1
+        assert!(satisfies("^0.0.0", "0.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^0.0.0", "0.0.1"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_caret_single_major() {
+        // ^1 → >=1.0.0 <2.0.0
+        assert!(satisfies("^1", "1.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("^1", "1.99.99"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^1", "2.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^1", "0.9.9"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_caret_four_segments() {
+        // ^1.2.3.4 → >=1.2.3.4 <2.0.0.0
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.2.3.4", "1.2.3.4"));
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.2.3.4", "1.9.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^1.2.3.4", "2.0.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^1.2.3.4", "1.2.3.3"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_caret_lower_boundary() {
+        // ^1.2.3 lower boundary: 1.2.3 matches but 1.2.2 does not
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.2.3", "1.2.3"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^1.2.3", "1.2.2"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_caret_upper_boundary() {
+        // ^1.2.3 upper boundary: 1.9.9 matches, 2.0.0 does not
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.2.3", "1.9.9"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^1.2.3", "2.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    // ── Tilde ──
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_tilde_single_major() {
+        // ~1 → >=1.0.0 <2.0.0
+        assert!(satisfies("~1", "1.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("~1", "1.99.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("~1", "2.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("~1", "0.9.9"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_tilde_four_segments() {
+        // ~1.2.3.4 → >=1.2.3.4 <1.3.0.0
+        assert!(satisfies("~1.2.3.4", "1.2.3.4"));
+        assert!(satisfies("~1.2.9.0", "1.2.9.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("~1.2.3.4", "1.3.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("~1.2.3.4", "1.2.3.3"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_tilde_lower_boundary() {
+        // ~1.2.3: 1.2.3 matches, 1.2.2 does not
+        assert!(satisfies("~1.2.3", "1.2.3"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("~1.2.3", "1.2.2"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_tilde_upper_boundary() {
+        // ~1.2.3: 1.2.9 matches, 1.3.0 does not
+        assert!(satisfies("~1.2.3", "1.2.9"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("~1.2.3", "1.3.0"));
+    }
+
+    // ── Wildcard ──
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_wildcard_major_only() {
+        // 1.* → >=1.0.0 <2.0.0
+        assert!(satisfies("1.*", "1.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("1.*", "1.99.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.*", "2.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.*", "0.9.9"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_wildcard_double_star() {
+        // 1.*.* is treated like 1.*
+        assert!(satisfies("1.*.*", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.*.*", "2.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_wildcard_three_segment() {
+        // 1.2.3.* — the implementation strips trailing .*; base is "1.2.3"
+        // parse_wildcard strips .* and splits on '.'; parts.len()=3 → minor constraint
+        assert!(satisfies("1.2.3.*", "1.2.3"));
+        assert!(satisfies("1.2.3.*", "1.2.9"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.2.3.*", "1.3.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_wildcard_zero_major() {
+        // 0.* → >=0.0.0 <1.0.0
+        assert!(satisfies("0.*", "0.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("0.*", "0.99.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("0.*", "1.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_wildcard_v_prefix() {
+        // v1.* — the wildcard parser strips the trailing .*; base becomes "v1"
+        // parse_wildcard's base.split('.') on "v1" → single part "v1"
+        // v1 fails to parse as u64, falls back to 0 — so this is like 0.*
+        // Mark as ignore since the behavior diverges from the expected semantic
+        #[allow(unused)]
+        let _ = VersionConstraint::parse("v1.*"); // just verify it doesn't panic
+    }
+
+    // ── Hyphen ranges ──
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hyphen_range_partial_from() {
+        // "1.0 - 2.0": 1.0 is a partial "from", lower = >=1.0.0
+        assert!(satisfies("1.0 - 2.0", "1.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("1.0 - 2.0", "1.5.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hyphen_range_partial_to() {
+        // "1.0 - 2.0": upper = <=2.0.0 (inclusive)
+        assert!(satisfies("1.0 - 2.0", "2.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.0 - 2.0", "2.0.1"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hyphen_range_same_version() {
+        // "1.0.0 - 1.0.0" → >=1.0.0 <=1.0.0, matches only 1.0.0
+        assert!(satisfies("1.0.0 - 1.0.0", "1.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.0.0 - 1.0.0", "1.0.1"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.0.0 - 1.0.0", "0.9.9"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hyphen_range_with_prerelease() {
+        // "1.0.0-alpha1 - 1.0.0-RC1"
+        assert!(satisfies("1.0.0-alpha1 - 1.0.0-RC1", "1.0.0-alpha1"));
+        assert!(satisfies("1.0.0-alpha1 - 1.0.0-RC1", "1.0.0-beta1"));
+        assert!(satisfies("1.0.0-alpha1 - 1.0.0-RC1", "1.0.0-RC1"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.0.0-alpha1 - 1.0.0-RC1", "1.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    // ── Comparison operators ──
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_gt_boundary() {
+        assert!(!satisfies(">1.0.0", "1.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies(">1.0.0", "1.0.1"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_lt_boundary() {
+        assert!(!satisfies("<1.0.0", "1.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("<1.0.0", "0.9.9"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_lte_boundary() {
+        assert!(satisfies("<=1.0.0", "1.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("<=1.0.0", "1.0.1"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_exact_equals_sign() {
+        // "=1.2.3" is exact match
+        assert!(satisfies("=1.2.3", "1.2.3"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("=1.2.3", "1.2.4"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore = "== (double equals) is not supported: the '=' handler passes '=1.2.3' to \
+                Version::parse_for_constraint which fails to parse '=1' as a major number"]
+    fn test_double_equals_sign() {
+        // "==1.2.3" — the '=' branch strips one '=', leaving "=1.2.3", which is then
+        // passed to Version::parse_for_constraint. That function tries to parse "=1" as
+        // a major version number and fails. Double-equals is not a supported syntax.
+        assert!(satisfies("==1.2.3", "1.2.3"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("==1.2.3", "1.2.4"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_not_equal_boundary() {
+        assert!(!satisfies("!=1.5.0", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("!=1.5.0", "1.4.9"));
+        assert!(satisfies("!=1.5.0", "1.5.1"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_gte_with_spaces() {
+        // Spaces after operator should be handled
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0.0", "1.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    // ── AND constraints ──
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_and_comma_separated() {
+        // Comma-separated constraints act as AND
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0,<2.0", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0,<2.0", "2.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0,<2.0", "0.9.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_and_three_way() {
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0 !=1.5.0 <2.0", "1.3.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0 !=1.5.0 <2.0", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0 !=1.5.0 <2.0", "2.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_and_impossible_range() {
+        // >=2.0 <1.0 — impossible range, nothing should match
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=2.0 <1.0", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=2.0 <1.0", "2.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=2.0 <1.0", "0.5.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_and_tight_range() {
+        // >=1.2.3 <=1.2.3 — only exactly 1.2.3
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.2.3 <=1.2.3", "1.2.3"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.2.3 <=1.2.3", "1.2.4"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.2.3 <=1.2.3", "1.2.2"));
+    }
+
+    // ── OR constraints ──
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_or_double_pipe() {
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.0 || ^2.0", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.0 || ^2.0", "2.3.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^1.0 || ^2.0", "3.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_or_three_branches() {
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.0 || ^2.0 || ^3.0", "1.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.0 || ^2.0 || ^3.0", "2.5.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.0 || ^2.0 || ^3.0", "3.9.9"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^1.0 || ^2.0 || ^3.0", "4.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_or_with_wildcard() {
+        assert!(satisfies("1.* || 3.*", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("1.* || 3.*", "3.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.* || 3.*", "2.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_or_overlapping_ranges() {
+        // Overlapping ranges are fine — union semantics
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0 <3.0 || >=2.0 <4.0", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0 <3.0 || >=2.0 <4.0", "2.5.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0 <3.0 || >=2.0 <4.0", "3.5.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0 <3.0 || >=2.0 <4.0", "0.9.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0 <3.0 || >=2.0 <4.0", "4.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_or_exact_versions() {
+        assert!(satisfies("1.0.0 || 2.0.0 || 3.0.0", "1.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("1.0.0 || 2.0.0 || 3.0.0", "2.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("1.0.0 || 2.0.0 || 3.0.0", "3.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.0.0 || 2.0.0 || 3.0.0", "1.0.1"));
+    }
+
+    // ── Complex combined ──
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_combined_and_within_or() {
+        // ">=1.0 <2.0 || >=3.0 <4.0"
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0 <2.0 || >=3.0 <4.0", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0 <2.0 || >=3.0 <4.0", "3.5.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0 <2.0 || >=3.0 <4.0", "2.5.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0 <2.0 || >=3.0 <4.0", "4.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_combined_real_world_laravel_pattern() {
+        // "^8.0||^9.0||^10.0||^11.0" — real Laravel constraint
+        assert!(satisfies("^8.0||^9.0||^10.0||^11.0", "8.5.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("^8.0||^9.0||^10.0||^11.0", "9.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("^8.0||^9.0||^10.0||^11.0", "10.48.22"));
+        assert!(satisfies("^8.0||^9.0||^10.0||^11.0", "11.0.1"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^8.0||^9.0||^10.0||^11.0", "7.9.9"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^8.0||^9.0||^10.0||^11.0", "12.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_single_pipe_or() {
+        // Single pipe `|` is the standard Composer OR separator
+        assert!(satisfies("^6.0|^7.0|^8.0|^9.0|^10.0|^11.0", "6.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("^6.0|^7.0|^8.0|^9.0|^10.0|^11.0", "9.0.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies("^6.0|^7.0|^8.0|^9.0|^10.0|^11.0", "11.5.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^6.0|^7.0|^8.0|^9.0|^10.0|^11.0", "5.9.9"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^6.0|^7.0|^8.0|^9.0|^10.0|^11.0", "12.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_combined_real_world_symfony_pattern() {
+        // ">=5.4 <7.0" — typical Symfony range
+        assert!(satisfies(">=5.4 <7.0", "5.4.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies(">=5.4 <7.0", "6.4.5"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=5.4 <7.0", "5.3.9"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=5.4 <7.0", "7.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    // ── Edge cases ──
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_constraint_empty_string_is_any() {
+        // Empty string → Any constraint
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("*").unwrap();
+        let v = Version::parse("9.9.9").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&v));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_constraint_v_prefix_in_exact() {
+        // "v1.2.3" exact constraint — strip v prefix
+        assert!(satisfies("v1.2.3", "1.2.3"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("v1.2.3", "1.2.4"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_constraint_extra_whitespace_and() {
+        // Extra spaces around operators in AND groups
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0.0  <2.0.0", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0.0  <2.0.0", "2.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // 4. CONSTRAINT MATCHING
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_dev_branch_exact_match() {
+        // dev-master matches dev-master constraint exactly
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("dev-master").unwrap();
+        let v = Version::parse("dev-master").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&v));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_dev_branch_different_branch_no_match() {
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("dev-master").unwrap();
+        let v = Version::parse("dev-develop").unwrap();
+        assert!(!c.matches(&v));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_dev_branch_against_caret_no_match() {
+        // dev-master does not satisfy ^1.0 (it is a dev branch, always lowest)
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("^1.0").unwrap();
+        let v = Version::parse("dev-master").unwrap();
+        assert!(!c.matches(&v));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_any_constraint_matches_dev_branch() {
+        // "*" matches any version including dev branches
+        let c = VersionConstraint::parse("*").unwrap();
+        let v = Version::parse("dev-master").unwrap();
+        assert!(c.matches(&v));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_prerelease_within_caret_range() {
+        // Pre-release of a version within ^1.0 should match
+        // e.g. 1.5.0-beta1 — it is >= dev boundary 1.0.0 and < dev boundary 2.0.0
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.0", "1.5.0-beta1"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_caret_lower_minus_one_no_match() {
+        // ^1.2.3 lower-1 = 1.2.2 → should NOT match
+        assert!(!satisfies("^1.2.3", "1.2.2"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_caret_upper_minus_one_matches() {
+        // ^1.2.3 upper-1 patch: 1.9.9 should still match (below 2.0.0)
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.2.3", "1.9.9"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_tilde_lower_minus_one_no_match() {
+        assert!(!satisfies("~1.2.3", "1.2.2"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_tilde_upper_minus_one_matches() {
+        assert!(satisfies("~1.2.3", "1.2.9"));
+    }
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // 5. INTERNAL FUNCTION TESTS (via public API)
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    // stability_rank() — tested via ordering since the function is private
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_stability_rank_dev_via_ordering() {
+        // dev rank=50 (highest number = least stable), alpha rank=40
+        // So dev < alpha in version ordering terms
+        let dev = Version::parse("1.0.0-dev").unwrap();
+        let alpha = Version::parse("1.0.0-alpha1").unwrap();
+        assert!(dev < alpha, "dev should be less stable than alpha1");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_stability_rank_alpha_via_ordering() {
+        // alpha rank=40, beta rank=30
+        let alpha = Version::parse("1.0.0-alpha1").unwrap();
+        let beta = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta1").unwrap();
+        assert!(alpha < beta, "alpha should be less stable than beta");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_stability_rank_beta_via_ordering() {
+        // beta rank=30, RC rank=20
+        let beta = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta1").unwrap();
+        let rc = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC1").unwrap();
+        assert!(beta < rc, "beta should be less stable than RC");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_stability_rank_rc_via_ordering() {
+        // RC rank=20, stable rank=0
+        let rc = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC1").unwrap();
+        let stable = Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(rc < stable, "RC should be less stable than stable");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_stability_rank_patch_via_ordering() {
+        // The Ord impl: (None, Some(_)) => Greater.
+        // stable has pre_release=None; patch version has pre_release=Some("patch1").
+        // The None arm wins unconditionally: stable is always Greater than any pre_release.
+        // This means "patch" releases (post-release fixes) sort BELOW stable in this impl.
+        let patch_ver = Version::parse("1.0.0-patch1").unwrap();
+        let stable = Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            stable > patch_ver,
+            "stable (None pre_release) beats patch pre-release"
+        );
+    }
+
+    // normalize_pre_release() — tested via Version::parse pre_release field
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalize_pre_release_b_to_beta() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-b3").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("beta3".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalize_pre_release_a_to_alpha() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-a1").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("alpha1".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalize_pre_release_rc_to_rc_uppercase() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-rc").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("RC".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalize_pre_release_pl_to_patch() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-pl2").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("patch2".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_normalize_pre_release_patch_explicit() {
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0-patch3").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v.pre_release, Some("patch3".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    // pre_release_number() — tested via ordering of numbered pre-releases
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_pre_release_number_ordering_beta() {
+        // beta10 > beta2 if pre_release_number extracts correctly
+        let b10 = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta10").unwrap();
+        let b2 = Version::parse("1.0.0-beta2").unwrap();
+        assert!(b10 > b2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_pre_release_number_ordering_rc() {
+        let rc5 = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC5").unwrap();
+        let rc1 = Version::parse("1.0.0-RC1").unwrap();
+        assert!(rc5 > rc1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_pre_release_number_zero_when_missing() {
+        // "alpha" with no number → 0; "alpha1" → 1; alpha1 > alpha
+        let alpha1 = Version::parse("1.0.0-alpha1").unwrap();
+        let alpha = Version::parse("1.0.0-alpha").unwrap();
+        assert!(alpha1 > alpha);
+    }
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // 6. COMPOSER BEHAVIORAL COMPATIBILITY
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_caret_four_matches_minor_bump() {
+        // ^4.0 matches 4.5.3
+        assert!(satisfies("^4.0", "4.5.3"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_caret_four_does_not_match_next_major() {
+        assert!(!satisfies("^4.0", "5.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_caret_zero_three_matches_patch() {
+        // ^0.3 matches 0.3.5 (same minor family)
+        assert!(satisfies("^0.3", "0.3.5"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_caret_zero_three_does_not_match_next_minor() {
+        // ^0.3 does NOT match 0.4.0
+        assert!(!satisfies("^0.3", "0.4.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_tilde_four_one_matches_within_major() {
+        // ~4.1 → >=4.1.0 <5.0.0 — matches 4.9.0
+        assert!(satisfies("~4.1", "4.9.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_tilde_four_one_does_not_match_next_major() {
+        // ~4.1 does NOT match 5.0.0
+        assert!(!satisfies("~4.1", "5.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_range_gap_matches_second_range() {
+        // ">=1.0 <1.1 || >=1.2" — gap at 1.1.x; 1.2.0 matches
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0 <1.1 || >=1.2", "1.2.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_range_gap_does_not_match_in_gap() {
+        // 1.1.5 is in the gap — should NOT match
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0 <1.1 || >=1.2", "1.1.5"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_laravel_constraint_matches_v10() {
+        // "^8.0||^9.0||^10.0||^11.0" — Laravel-style; 10.48.22 matches
+        assert!(satisfies("^8.0||^9.0||^10.0||^11.0", "10.48.22"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_laravel_constraint_does_not_match_v7() {
+        assert!(!satisfies("^8.0||^9.0||^10.0||^11.0", "7.9.9"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_symfony_range_matches_6_4() {
+        // ">=5.4 <7.0" — Symfony; 6.4.5 matches
+        assert!(satisfies(">=5.4 <7.0", "6.4.5"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_symfony_range_does_not_match_7_0() {
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=5.4 <7.0", "7.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_not_equal_in_range() {
+        // ">=1.0 !=1.5.0 <2.0" — typical blacklist constraint
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0 !=1.5.0 <2.0", "1.4.9"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0 !=1.5.0 <2.0", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(satisfies(">=1.0 !=1.5.0 <2.0", "1.5.1"));
+        assert!(!satisfies(">=1.0 !=1.5.0 <2.0", "2.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_composer_exact_major_minor_match() {
+        // exact "1.5.0" only matches 1.5.0
+        assert!(satisfies("1.5.0", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.5.0", "1.5.1"));
+    }
+
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+    // 7. DIVERGENCE INVESTIGATION
+    // ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hyphen_range_partial_upper_two_segment() {
+        // "1.0 - 2": upper is <=2.0.0 (parse "2" → 2.0.0.0, inclusive)
+        assert!(satisfies("1.0 - 2", "2.0.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.0 - 2", "2.0.1"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.0 - 2", "2.1.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_caret_with_prerelease_suffix() {
+        // ^1.2.3-beta1 — the caret parser ignores pre-release in its bounds calculation
+        // because parse_caret works on the numeric parts only.
+        // Lower: dev_boundary(1,2,3,0). Upper: dev_boundary(2,0,0,0).
+        // 1.2.3-beta1 (pre_release=Some("beta1")) is >= lower boundary?
+        // dev_boundary uses pre_release=Some("dev"), so lower is (1,2,3,0,dev)
+        // Version 1.2.3-beta1 has same numeric, but beta > dev in stability terms
+        // so 1.2.3-beta1 >= lower (1.2.3-dev) is true.
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.2.3-beta1", "1.2.3-beta1"));
+        assert!(satisfies("^1.2.3-beta1", "1.5.0"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("^1.2.3-beta1", "2.0.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_tilde_with_prerelease_suffix() {
+        // ~1.2.3-alpha1: lower = dev_boundary(1,2,3,0), upper = dev_boundary(1,3,0,0)
+        // 1.2.3-alpha1 has numeric (1,2,3,0); pre_release "alpha1" > "dev"
+        assert!(satisfies("~1.2.3-alpha1", "1.2.3-alpha1"));
+        assert!(satisfies("~1.2.3-alpha1", "1.2.9"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("~1.2.3-alpha1", "1.3.0"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_dev_boundary_comparison() {
+        // Version::dev_boundary creates a version with pre_release=Some("dev") and
+        // is_dev_branch=false. These should sort correctly against real versions.
+        let lower = Version::dev_boundary(1, 0, 0, 0);
+        let v = Version::parse("1.0.0").unwrap();
+        // 1.0.0 (stable) > 1.0.0-dev (lower boundary)
+        assert!(v > lower);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_x_dev_ordering_within_range() {
+        // "2.x-dev" version has patch=9999999, build=9999999 and is a dev branch.
+        // Dev branches are always lowest. So "2.x-dev" < "2.0.0" < "3.0.0".
+        let x_dev = Version::parse("2.x-dev").unwrap();
+        let stable = Version::parse("2.0.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(x_dev < stable);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_four_segment_vs_three_segment_constraint() {
+        // "1.2.3.4" exact constraint — matches only 1.2.3.4, not 1.2.3
+        assert!(satisfies("1.2.3.4", "1.2.3.4"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.2.3.4", "1.2.3"));
+        assert!(!satisfies("1.2.3.4", "1.2.3.5"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_date_style_version_ordering() {
+        // Date-based versioning: 20230101 > 20220101
+        let a = Version::parse("20230101.0.0").unwrap();
+        let b = Version::parse("20220101.0.0").unwrap();
+        assert!(a > b);
+    }
+}