add filesHEADmain

1 files changed, 556 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/slides.typ b/slides.typ
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e730c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/slides.typ
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+#import "@preview/touying:0.6.3": *
+#import "@preview/codly:1.3.0": *
+#import "@preview/cjk-unbreak:0.2.0": remove-cjk-break-space, transform-childs
+#import "@preview/fletcher:0.5.8" as fletcher: diagram, node, edge
+#import "setoka.typ": *
+
+#show: codly-init.with()
+
+#show: remove-cjk-break-space
+
+#show: setoka-theme.with(
+  aspect-ratio: "16-9",
+  config-info(
+    title: [
+      PHP を魔改造して学ぶ \
+      言語処理系
+    ],
+    subtitle: [PHPerKaigi 2026],
+    author: [nsfisis (いまむら)],
+    date: datetime(year: 2026, month: 3, day: 22),
+  ),
+  config-common(preamble: {
+    codly(
+      fill: rgb("#eee"),
+      lang-format: none,
+      number-format: none,
+      zebra-fill: none,
+    )
+  })
+)
+
+#set text(font: "BIZ UDPGothic", lang: "ja")
+#show raw: set text(font: "UDEV Gothic 35")
+
+#let process-color = rgb("#ffa500").lighten(60%)
+#let data-color = rgb("#e0e0e0")
+
+#let overview-diagram() = {
+  set text(size: 18pt)
+  diagram(
+    node-stroke: 0.5pt,
+    spacing: (6mm, 12mm),
+    node((0, 0), [ソースコード], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge("-"),
+    node((1, 0), [字句解析], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge("-|>"),
+    node((2, 0), [トークン列], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge("-"),
+    node((3, 0), [構文解析], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge((3, 0), (3, 0.5), (-0.75, 0.5), (-0.75, 1), (0, 1), "-|>"),
+    node((0, 1), [AST], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge("-"),
+    node((1, 1), [コンパイル], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge("-|>"),
+    node((2, 1), [opcode], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge("-"),
+    node((3, 1), [実行], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge("-|>"),
+    node((4, 1), [結果], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+  )
+}
+
+#title-slide()
+
+#about-slide()
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+  #set text(size: 40pt)
+  PHP のソースコードを魔改造して\
+  独自の演算子を追加する\
+\
+  #pause
+  PHP 処理系の内部実装を理解する
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+
+  追加する演算子
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set text(size: 30pt)
+
+  関数合成演算子「`∘`」
+
+  #codly-range(2)
+  ```php
+  <?php
+  $h = $f ∘ $g;
+  $h($x); // → $f($g($x))
+  ```
+
+  $(f ∘ g)(x) = f(g(x))$
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set text(size: 22pt)
+
+  #codly-range(2)
+  ```php
+  <?php
+  $double = fn($x) => $x * 2;
+  $add_one = fn($x) => $x + 1;
+
+  $f = $add_one ∘ $double;
+  echo $f(3); // → $add_one($double(3)) → 7
+  ```
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set text(size: 22pt)
+
+  #codly-range(2)
+  ```php
+  <?php
+  $double = fn($x) => $x * 2;
+  $add_one = fn($x) => $x + 1;
+  $negate = fn($x) => -$x;
+
+  $g = $negate ∘ $add_one ∘ $double;
+  echo $g(3);
+  // → $negate($add_one($double(3)))
+  // → -7
+  ```
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+  実行の流れ
+
+  #overview-diagram()
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+
+  字句解析
+  #set text(size: 24pt)
+
+  ソースコードの文字列を\
+  トークンの列に分割する処理
+
+  #set text(size: 18pt)
+
+  #diagram(
+    node-stroke: 0.5pt,
+    spacing: (5mm, 10mm),
+    node-shape: rect,
+    node((3.5, 0), [`$g = $negate ∘ $add_one ∘ $double;`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge((3.5, 0), (3.5, 1), "-|>"),
+  )
+
+  #diagram(
+    node-stroke: 0.5pt,
+    spacing: (5mm, 10mm),
+    node-shape: rect,
+    node((0, 0), [`$g`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((1, 0), [`=`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((2, 0), [`$negate`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((3, 0), [`∘`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((4, 0), [`$add_one`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((5, 0), [`∘`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((6, 0), [`$double`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((7, 0), [`;`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+  )
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+
+  re2c
+
+  #set text(size: 36pt)
+  正規表現からコードを生成
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set text(size: 24pt)
+
+  `zend_language_scanner.l`
+
+  ```re2c
+  <ST_IN_SCRIPTING>"\xe2\x88\x98" {
+      RETURN_TOKEN(T_COMPOSE);
+  }
+  ```
+
+  - `\xe2\x88\x98` は `∘` (U+2218) の UTF-8 バイト列
+  - `T_COMPOSE` を返す
+  - `re2c` が `zend_language_scanner.c` を生成
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+  実行の流れ
+
+  #overview-diagram()
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+
+  構文解析
+  #set text(size: 24pt)
+
+  トークン列を\
+  抽象構文木 (AST) に変換する処理
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+  #set text(size: 18pt)
+
+  #diagram(
+    node-stroke: 0.5pt,
+    spacing: (5mm, 10mm),
+    node-shape: rect,
+    node((0, 0), [`$g`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((1, 0), [`=`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((2, 0), [`$negate`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((3, 0), [`∘`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((4, 0), [`$add_one`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((5, 0), [`∘`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((6, 0), [`$double`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((7, 0), [`;`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge((3.5, 0), (3.5, 1), "-|>"),
+  )
+
+  #diagram(
+    node-stroke: 0.5pt,
+    spacing: (8mm, 8mm),
+    node-shape: rect,
+
+    node((2, 0), [`ZEND_AST_ASSIGN`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge((2, 0), (0.5, 1), "-|>"),
+    edge((2, 0), (3.5, 1), "-|>"),
+    node((0.5, 1), [`$g`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+
+    node((3.5, 1), [`ZEND_AST_COMPOSE`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge((3.5, 1), (2, 2), "-|>"),
+    edge((3.5, 1), (5, 2), "-|>"),
+    node((2, 2), [`$negate`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+
+    node((5, 2), [`ZEND_AST_COMPOSE`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge((5, 2), (4, 3), "-|>"),
+    edge((5, 2), (6, 3), "-|>"),
+    node((4, 3), [`$add_one`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((6, 3), [`$double`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+  )
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+
+  bison
+
+  #set text(size: 36pt)
+  文法規則からコードを生成
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set text(size: 20pt)
+
+  `zend_language_parser.y`
+
+  ```c
+  /* 優先順位の設定 */
+  %left T_PIPE
+  %right T_COMPOSE  /* 追加 */
+  %left '.'
+  ```
+
+  - `|>` より強い
+    - `$f ∘ $g |> $h` → `($f ∘ $g) |> $h`
+  - 右結合
+    - `$f ∘ $g ∘ $h` → `$f ∘ ($g ∘ $h)`
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set text(size: 20pt)
+
+  `zend_language_parser.y`
+
+  ```c
+  /* 文法定義 */
+  expr : expr T_COMPOSE expr
+       {
+           /* f ∘ g の並びを見つけたら AST を構築 */
+           $$ = zend_ast_create(ZEND_AST_COMPOSE, $1, $3);
+       }
+  ```
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+  実行の流れ
+
+  #overview-diagram()
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+
+  コンパイル
+  #set text(size: 24pt)
+
+  AST を PHP VM の\
+  opcode列 (命令列) に変換する処理
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+  #set text(size: 16pt)
+
+  #diagram(
+    node-stroke: 0.5pt,
+    spacing: (8mm, 8mm),
+    node-shape: rect,
+
+    node((2, 0), [`ZEND_AST_ASSIGN`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge((2, 0), (0.5, 1), "-|>"),
+    edge((2, 0), (3.5, 1), "-|>"),
+    node((0.5, 1), [`$g`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+
+    node((3.5, 1), [`ZEND_AST_COMPOSE`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge((3.5, 1), (2, 2), "-|>"),
+    edge((3.5, 1), (5, 2), "-|>"),
+    node((2, 2), [`$negate`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+
+    node((5, 2), [`ZEND_AST_COMPOSE`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge((5, 2), (4, 3), "-|>"),
+    edge((5, 2), (6, 3), "-|>"),
+    node((4, 3), [`$add_one`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((6, 3), [`$double`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+
+    edge((4, 3), (4, 4), "-|>"),
+  )
+
+  #diagram(
+    node-stroke: 0.5pt,
+    spacing: (5mm, 5mm),
+    node-shape: rect,
+    node((0, 0), [`ZEND_COMPOSE` \ `$add_one, $double → $0`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((1, 0), [`ZEND_COMPOSE` \ `$negate, $0 → $1`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    node((2, 0), [`ZEND_ASSIGN` \ `$g, $1`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+  )
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set text(size: 18pt)
+
+  `zend_compile.c`
+
+  ```c
+  static void zend_compile_compose(znode *result, zend_ast *ast) {
+      zend_ast *lhs_ast = ast->child[0];
+      zend_ast *rhs_ast = ast->child[1];
+      znode lhs_result, rhs_result;
+      zend_compile_expr(&lhs_result, lhs_ast); // 左辺をコンパイル
+      zend_compile_expr(&rhs_result, rhs_ast); // 右辺をコンパイル
+      // ZEND_COMPOSE opcode を出力
+      // 実際の関数合成は実行時に
+      zend_emit_op_tmp(result, ZEND_COMPOSE, &lhs_result, &rhs_result);
+  }
+  ```
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+  実行の流れ
+
+  #overview-diagram()
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+
+  `zend_vm_gen.php`
+
+  #set text(size: 36pt)
+  テンプレートから VM コードを生成
+
+  #set text(size: 18pt)
+
+  #diagram(
+    node-stroke: 0.5pt,
+    spacing: (10mm, 5mm),
+    node-shape: rect,
+    node((0, 1.5), [`zend_vm_def.h`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt),
+    edge((0, 1.5), (1, 1.5), "-|>"),
+    node((1, 1.5), [`zend_vm_gen.php`], fill: process-color, corner-radius: 2pt, name: <zend_vm_gen_php>),
+    node((2, 0), [`zend_vm_execute.h`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt, name: <zend_vm_execute_h>),
+    node((2, 1), [`zend_vm_opcodes.h`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt, name: <zend_vm_opcodes_h>),
+    node((2, 2), [`zend_vm_opcodes.c`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt, name: <zend_vm_opcodes_c>),
+    node((2, 3), [`zend_vm_handlers.h`], fill: data-color, corner-radius: 2pt, name: <zend_vm_handlers_h>),
+    edge(<zend_vm_gen_php.east>, <zend_vm_execute_h.west>, "-|>"),
+    edge(<zend_vm_gen_php.east>, <zend_vm_opcodes_h.west>, "-|>"),
+    edge(<zend_vm_gen_php.east>, <zend_vm_opcodes_c.west>, "-|>"),
+    edge(<zend_vm_gen_php.east>, <zend_vm_handlers_h.west>, "-|>"),
+  )
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set text(size: 18pt)
+
+  `zend_vm_def.h`
+
+  ```c
+  ZEND_VM_HANDLER(
+      211,             // opcode の番号
+      ZEND_COMPOSE,    // opcode の名前
+      CONST|TMPVAR|CV, // operand 1 の種類
+      CONST|TMPVAR|CV) // operand 2 の種類
+  {
+      /* (略) */
+      zend_compose_callables(EX_VAR(opline->result.var), op1, op2);
+      /* (略) */
+  }
+  ```
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set text(size: 18pt)
+
+  ```c
+  ZEND_API void zend_compose_callables(zval *result, zval *lhs, zval *rhs)
+  {
+      // (略; いい感じに合成後のクロージャのメタデータを初期化)
+      // (略; 左辺と右辺の情報をクロージャの $this に埋め込む)
+      // (略; いい感じに結果データを生成)
+  }
+  ```
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+  実行の流れ
+
+  #overview-diagram()
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+  #set text(size: 32pt)
+
+  PHPerKaigi 2025
+
+  PHPで作るPHP\
+  ～セルフホストできる\
+  言語処理系を作ろう～
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+  #set text(size: 32pt)
+
+  PHPerKaigi 2026
+
+  PHP を魔改造して学ぶ \
+  言語処理系
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set text(size: 32pt)
+
+  - PHP サブセット実装
+    - 複雑なものを単純化して\
+      全体像を理解
+  - PHP 魔改造
+    - 複雑なものを複雑なまま\
+      部分的に理解
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+
+  言語処理系を読もう\
+  言語処理系を書こう
+]
+
+---
+
+#[
+  #set align(center + horizon)
+
+  ご静聴 \
+  ありがとうございました
+]
+
+---
+
+#set text(size: 20pt)
+
+参考文献:
+
+- https://docs.raku.org/routine/o,%20infix%20%E2%88%98
+- https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/manual/functions/#Function-composition-and-piping
+- https://www.php.net/manual/ja/language.operators.precedence.php
+- https://www.npopov.com/2017/04/14/PHP-7-Virtual-machine.html
+- https://www.phpinternalsbook.com/